[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":69},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-107-1-fire-science-009":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-107-1-火災學概要-009","fire-107-1-fire-science-009",107,1,9,"要做好火災預防工作，從理論觀點上，可由火災預防之「3E 政策」著手，下列敘述何者不屬於「3E 政策」項目？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"防火工程","防火教育","防火執法","防火熱忱","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：火災預防理論的「3E 政策」內涵,即工程、教育、執法三項手段的辨識。\n【正解理由】3E 政策源自工業安全與事故防制領域,指 Engineering(工程)、Education(教育)、Enforcement(執法)三者並行:以工程技術降低危害發生的機率與嚴重度,以教育提升人員的危害認知與應變能力,再以法令強制力確保前兩者確實落實。「防火熱忱」屬個人態度與動機,無法作為可執行、可稽核的政策工具,不在三個 E 之列,故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 防火工程對應 Engineering,涵蓋防火區劃、防焰物品、耐燃材料與消防安全設備的設置,屬不依賴人為判斷的硬體防線,是 3E 之一。\n(B) 防火教育對應 Education,包含防火宣導、避難逃生演練與從業人員講習,目的是把正確行為變成反射動作,是 3E 之一。\n(C) 防火執法對應 Enforcement,指消防安全檢查、限期改善與罰鍰等強制作為,使不願自主投入者也須達到最低標準,是 3E 之一。\n(D) 防火熱忱是抽象的心理層面態度,既無具體手段也無驗收標準,不屬 3E 項目,為本題應選的「不屬於」者。\n【記憶點】3E 是「工程做硬體、教育做人、執法補漏洞」,熱忱是態度不是政策。","3E 的概念形成於二十世紀中葉的工業安全與交通事故防制領域,後來被火災預防理論整套沿用。Engineering 著眼於「讓危害不容易發生、發生了也不容易擴大」,屬於被動而穩定的防線,不受使用者當下判斷影響;Education 處理的是人的因素,從住宅用火安全宣導到防火管理人訓練,目標是縮短察覺與反應的時間;Enforcement 則把前兩者變成義務,透過檢查、限期改善、處分與罰鍰,把最低標準拉齊。三者互補的邏輯很清楚:只有工程沒有教育,設備會被誤用、遮蔽甚至關閉;只有教育沒有執法,遵行率完全取決於自律。\n延伸整理:部分教材在 3E 之外再加第四個 E,常見寫法是 Enthusiasm(熱忱)或 Evaluation(評估)而成為 4E,更擴充者加入 Emergency(緊急應變)成為 5E。本題把「防火熱忱」列為選項,正是利用 4E 與 3E 的落差設計誘答——它不是憑空捏造的概念,而是「不在 3E 之內」。因此作答時要先看清楚題目問的是三個 E 還是四個 E,再決定要不要把熱忱算進去。\n易混淆對照:3E 是預防對策的「手段分類」,與燃燒四面體(可燃物、氧氣、熱能、連鎖反應)分屬不同層次——前者談政策工具,後者談燃燒條件,不可混用;也不要與火災搶救的人員、裝備、水源三要素混為一談。\n相關考點:同一組概念常改考歸類題,例如把防焰窗簾、自動撒水設備歸入 Engineering,把避難逃生演練歸入 Education,把消防安全設備檢修申報的查核歸入 Enforcement;也常以「下列何者不屬於工程手段」的反向問法出現。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-008","描述熱傳遞（heat transfer）之物理量為下列何者？",8,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-010","下列有關二氧化碳滅火劑之敘述，何者錯誤？",10,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-007","可燃物於無明火等火源之條件下，在大氣中僅因受熱而開始自行燃燒所需之最低溫度稱為下列何者？",7,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-011","在高科技無塵室作業中，下列敘述何者不是避免人員帶靜電產生危害之處理方式？",11,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-006","危害物質災害現場搶救標準作業程序（H.A.Z.M.A.T.）之說明，下列何者為正確？",6,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-012","下列何者並非容易悶燒材料之特性？",12,[53,57,61,65],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-009",111,"有關粉塵爆炸的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-009",110,"碳化鈣（CaC2，俗稱電石）常用於水果的催熟，屬於公共危險物品，遇水會起激烈反應產生下列何種可燃性氣體？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-009",108,"就同一種可燃性粉塵而言，下列何種措施有助於降低發生粉塵爆炸的危險性？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-009",106,"燃燒之型態中，石油類之燃燒係屬下列何種型態燃燒？",1785123163549]