[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-107-1-fire-science-011":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-107-1-火災學概要-011","fire-107-1-fire-science-011",107,1,11,"在高科技無塵室作業中，下列敘述何者不是避免人員帶靜電產生危害之處理方式？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"無塵室鋪設導電底板","進入無塵室前先進入風淋室","作業人員穿戴導電物品（如無塵帽、衣、褲、鞋等）","無塵室維持相對濕度在 80%以上","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：人體靜電危害的防制手段,以及無塵室相對濕度控制的合理範圍。\n【正解理由】靜電危害的成因是電荷產生速度大於洩放速度,防制原理因而只有兩條:讓電荷有路可洩,以及不讓電荷累積。導電底板與導電性無塵帽衣褲鞋可使人體與大地連通而持續洩放電荷,風淋室配合導電地板則在吹除附著微粒的同時提供接地停留時間。濕度雖能提升材料表面導電度,但無塵室一般控制在相對濕度 40% 至 60%;維持在 80% 以上會造成結露、微粒吸濕沉降與金屬腐蝕,反而衍生製程與電氣危害,並非避免靜電的處理方式,故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 鋪設導電底板可使人體電荷經地板接地路徑洩放,是最基本的靜電控制手段,屬有效方式。\n(B) 進入前先經風淋室,可吹除衣物與人體表面附著的微粒並延長接地停留時間,屬既定的入室程序,有助降低帶電。\n(C) 穿戴導電性無塵帽、衣、褲、鞋,使人體與導電地板形成連續的洩放路徑,是無塵室靜電控制的核心作法。\n(D) 相對濕度維持 80% 以上已超出無塵室製程的容許範圍,將引起結露與腐蝕等新危害,不是可採行的靜電處理方式,為本題應選者。\n【記憶點】靜電防制靠「接地洩放」,濕度只能適度提高到四成至六成,飆到八成是製造新問題。","人體在行走、穿脫衣物、接觸並分離高分子材料時因摩擦與接觸分離而帶電。人體對地電容約在 100 至 200 pF 的量級,帶電到 3 kV 左右即可感到刺痛,5 kV 以上常可見火花。放電能量以 W = ½CV² 估算,取 C = 150 pF、V = 5 kV 時,W = 0.5 × 150×10⁻¹² F ×(5×10³ V)² ≈ 1.9 mJ,已遠高於氫氣約 0.02 mJ、常見有機溶劑蒸氣約 0.2 至 0.3 mJ 的最小引燃能量,足以引燃爆炸性氣氛。半導體與光電製程大量使用矽甲烷、氫氣等易燃氣體與有機溶劑,靜電控制因此同時是良率問題與火災爆炸防制問題。\n控制手段可歸為三類:第一是接地與導電化,包含導電地板、導電無塵衣鞋、腕帶與工作檯接地,使電荷邊產生邊洩放;第二是抑制產生,包含降低摩擦速度、改用抗靜電材料、以離子風扇中和已帶電的絕緣體;第三是環境調節,提高相對濕度使材料表面形成吸附水膜以提升表面導電度。\n濕度手段的適用範圍是本題的關鍵:相對濕度低於 30% 時靜電最容易累積,提高到 40% 至 60% 已能有效抑制,再往上並不會顯著改善洩放效果,卻會帶來結露、微粒吸濕沉降、金屬腐蝕與微生物孳生等新問題,對精密製程反而有害。所以「提高濕度」是對的方向,「80% 以上」卻是錯的程度——這種「方向對、數值誇張」的敘述是選擇題常見的陷阱寫法。\n相關考點:同一觀念常改考最小引燃能量的比較、爆炸發生的必要條件,以及靜電作為粉塵爆炸點火源的角色。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-010","下列有關二氧化碳滅火劑之敘述，何者錯誤？",10,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-012","下列何者並非容易悶燒材料之特性？",12,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-009","要做好火災預防工作，從理論觀點上，可由火災預防之「3E 政策」著手，下列敘述何者不屬於「3E 政策」項目？",9,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-013","假設大氣中氧氣容積為 21%，現在一密閉空間（體積為 V）內，有三分之一體積（V\u002F3）為惰性氣體時（壓力仍為一大氣壓），該空間內氧氣濃度為多少%？",13,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-008","描述熱傳遞（heat transfer）之物理量為下列何者？",8,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-014","我國在 106 年實施 A1、A2、A3 新式火災認定方式，下列有關 A2 火災認定之敘述，何者錯誤？",14,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-011",111,"下列何者非為影響閃燃的因素？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-011",110,"輻射熱是造成木造建築物延燒原因之一，下列何者正確？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-011",109,"某一線徑 2.0 m\u002Fm 之電線 1 km 長之電阻值為 5.657 Ω，熱阻抗為 378。若周遭溫度為 20℃，當此 10 cm 長之電線通過 10 安培時，其芯線溫度（℃）約為多少？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-011",108,"室內火災所產生的熱煙層由天花板向下沉降的時間直接影響逃生；以此觀點而論，下列何者較不利於逃生？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-011",106,"下列有關擴散火焰的敘述，何者正確？",1785123163564]