[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-107-1-fire-science-017":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-107-1-火災學概要-017","fire-107-1-fire-science-017",107,1,17,"有關地下建築物火災之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"容易造成水損","火點發現困難","地下樓層有限，搶救工作容易","可以使用紅外線火源探測器，以即早發現火源","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：地下建築物火災的特性,考搶救困難與煙熱蓄積、進出路徑受限的認識。\n【正解理由】地下空間對外開口極少,幾乎只能靠樓梯、電扶梯與通風井與地面連通,煙與熱由這些垂直路徑排出,搶救人員卻必須逆著同一條路徑深入,形成進攻路線與排煙路線重疊的不利條件;再加上高溫濃煙無處消散、無線電衰減嚴重、方向感易喪失,搶救難度遠高於地上建築物,不會因為樓層數有限就變得容易,故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 敘述正確。地下空間排水不易,射水後水與泡沫積存於低處,造成水損並增加電氣設備短路與結構負荷的風險。\n(B) 敘述正確。地下無外部窗戶可從外觀察火煙,火點位置往往須靠人員深入或探測器訊號研判,發現相對困難。\n(C) 敘述錯誤,為本題應選者。樓層有限並不等於容易,狹窄開口與濃煙蓄積使進入、排煙與人命搜救都比地上樓層更困難。\n(D) 敘述正確。紅外線火源探測器可偵測火焰輻射,在濃煙、視線不良的地下空間有助於及早鎖定火點位置。\n【記憶點】地下火災是「煙出不去、人進不來、水排不掉」,樓層少反而更難救。","搶救難度的量尺不是樓層數,而是浮力與開口條件。火場熱煙在攝氏六百度上下時,密度只剩常溫空氣的三分之一左右,溫差愈大浮力愈強,在垂直通道內的流動速度可達每秒三至五公尺;人員背負空氣呼吸器沿階梯爬升約每秒零點五公尺,兩者相差近十倍。這個速度差,正是「地下樓層有限所以容易」站不住腳的物理原因——通道再短,煙也早在人抵達前灌滿,能見度掉到不足一公尺。地上建築每層都有外牆可破窗洩壓,把熱煙導向室外,射水與排煙分屬不同開口;地下層無外牆可破,壓力只能從既有開口宣洩,難易取決於開口面積,與深度或層數無關。\n熱環境同樣不利:地下多為鋼筋混凝土構造且無外牆散熱,熱幾乎全被封在區劃內,溫度升得快、退得慢,火勢控制後仍長時間維持高溫,影響進入時機。射入的水無法自行排出,積水造成水損,也可能使電氣設備短路。通信方面,無線電在地下衰減嚴重,指揮與回報常需另行布設中繼,進一步拉長搶救時間。\n這些先天不足也解釋了防護設計的邏輯:以排煙設備與防煙垂壁劃分蓄煙區、以緊急照明與標示設備維持避難方向的可辨識性、以自動撒水設備在初期就抑制火勢成長、並以連結送水管與消防專用蓄水池縮短射水布線的時間。法規對地下建築物與地下層的設備設置門檻普遍比地上層嚴格(較小的樓地板面積即須設置),背後正是這個風險差異。\n相關考點:地下建築物常與「無窗樓層」的定義、排煙設備的設置對象一併命題;緊急電源插座與無線電通信輔助設備更是直接為了克服地下搶救的供電與通信障礙而設計,幾乎每隔幾年就會出現一次。避難行為面也是常見出題角度:地下層的避難方向與煙的流動方向一致,人員必須往上走、與熱煙同向移動,體力消耗與吸入高溫氣體的風險都比地上層由上往下逃生更高,這是地下空間人命損害偏重的結構性原因,與開口少、蓄煙快互為因果。命題手法也值得記一筆:本題把三個具體的現象描述都設為正確,只留一句把難易度直接掛到樓層數上的價值判斷當錯誤選項,凡是用單一數量推論搶救難易的敘述,都應先當可疑。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-016","下列何者為海龍替代品滅火藥劑 FE-13 之分子式？",16,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-018","已知木造倉庫高 6 公尺，如延燒係數為 0.15，依木造建築物火災溫度標準曲線，其鄰棟建築物之理論安全距離應在多少公尺以上？",18,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-015","有一火場之消光係數為 2 m-1，請問發光物體之能見度為多少公尺？",15,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-019","電線因火災燒熔而短路所形成之熔珠，稱為下列何者？",19,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-014","我國在 106 年實施 A1、A2、A3 新式火災認定方式，下列有關 A2 火災認定之敘述，何者錯誤？",14,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-020","為防止由窗口噴出的火焰向大樓上層延燒，下列措施何者錯誤？",20,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-017",111,"有關閃燃（Flashover）與複燃（Backdraft）的敘述，何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-017",110,"下列惰性氣體類海龍替代滅火藥劑中，何者的比重小於 1？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-017",109,"T.N.T.炸藥化學名稱為三硝基甲苯（Trinitrotolene，C7H5N3O6），俗稱黃色炸藥，試問其氧平衡（Oxygen Balance, O.B.）為多少？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-017",108,"危害物質可能因混合儲存或載運而衍生危險，則下列那兩類公共危險物品於混合載運時的危險性最低？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-017",106,"根據火場能見度（S）與消光係數（K）間之經驗公式，對於發光物體之敘述何者正確？",1785123163627]