[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-107-1-fire-science-028":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-107-1-火災學概要-028","fire-107-1-fire-science-028",107,1,28,"下列何者並非古蹟火災防護之特性？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"滅火設備不易設置","防火區劃不完整","滅火水量應加大","木造可燃物多","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：古蹟與歷史建築的火災特性,以及「保存文化資產本體」如何反過來限制滅火手段。\n【正解理由】古蹟防護的第一原則是火損與水損一起算:木構彩繪、匾額、壁畫與紙質文物一旦被大量射水沖擊或長時間浸泡,會產生無法復原的二次破壞,修復成本往往高於火本身造成的損失。因此古蹟採取的是早期偵知、早期以小水量控制的策略,以水霧、細水霧等低流量高效率手段把用水壓到最低,而不是比照一般場所把設計水量往上加。「滅火水量應加大」正好與古蹟防護的方向相反,故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 是古蹟的真實限制:管線機具與明管配線會破壞原有形貌與結構,設備位置又受文化資產保存法制的外觀限制,設置確實不易。\n(B) 是古蹟的典型弱點:傳統建築多為通透大空間,少有完整的防護區劃與防火門,火與煙可長驅直入屋架層,延燒面積迅速擴大。\n(C) 本項是把「水量愈大愈壓得住火」的一般認知直接套到古蹟上;問題在於水本身就是破壞源——木構吸水後膨脹變形、榫接鬆脫,彩繪漆作起泡剝落,積水還會加重樓地板載重並沖散燒剩的構件殘跡,使日後依原貌修復失去比對依據。古蹟因此把射水量壓到足以控火的最低限度,與「加大」的方向相反,不屬其防護特性。\n(D) 是古蹟最基本的特性:樑柱、斗栱與門窗多為老化乾燥木材,含水率低、表面積大,起火後火勢成長快速。\n【記憶點】古蹟怕火也怕水——只准「早、少、準」,不准大水漫灌。","古蹟防火在火災學裡屬於「特殊場所火災」的固定考點,命題角度幾乎都繞著同一個矛盾:文化資產必須維持原貌,而防火設計偏偏需要改動建築本體。國際上讓這個議題成形的關鍵事件是一九四九年日本法隆寺金堂壁畫燒損,日本因而把一月二十六日訂為文化財防火日,並發展出以早期偵知、限量供水與平時用火用電管理為主軸的防護模式;我國文化資產保存法制同樣要求維持原有形貌,使得明管、明線與大型機具都難以進場,這正是選項A所描述的限制。\n古蹟火災的結構性弱點可以用「木、通、遠」三字記:木造構材老化乾燥,含水率低而熱釋放率高;室內為通透大空間,缺乏完整防護區劃,火煙可直接竄入屋架層,一旦延燒到屋頂桁架便難以阻止;基地又多位於狹窄巷弄、山區或廟埕深處,消防車接近與水源取得都受限,搶救時間被明顯拉長。\n水損議題是本題的分辨關鍵。彩繪、漆作、紙本與木構浸水後會褪色、剝落、變形並滋生黴害,屬不可逆損失,因此古蹟偏好細水霧與水霧:水滴粒徑小、比表面積大,汽化吸熱效率高並可局部稀釋氧濃度,用水量遠低於傳統射水,體現的是「小水量、大效果」的思維,與一般場所「水量愈大愈保險」的直覺相反。\n另一條防護主線是把火擋在建築本體之外與之前:古蹟周界常配置室外消防栓與放水槍以阻絕鄰棟延燒,建築內則以偵知系統爭取初期發現時間,同時從源頭汰換老舊電線、管制香燭與炊事用火,把起火機率壓低。這種「重預防、重偵知、輕灌救」的配置比重,與一般場所以滅火設備為核心的思維明顯不同。\n延伸考點:同一觀念常換成「博物館、圖書館、資訊機房為何不宜以水系統為主」來問,答題主軸仍是水損與二次損害;另一種問法則是古蹟防護為何偏重偵知與人為管理(香燭、電線老化、遊客用火),而非事後大量灌救。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-027","下列何者並非高科技廠房火災之特性？",27,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-029","下列何者並非學校實驗室火災之特性？",29,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-026","在火勢擴大的過程中，下列那一現象並非成長期的常見特徵？",26,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-030","固體燃料火焰延燒最快的方式為下列何者？",30,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-025","下列何者並非複燃（backdraft）發生之原因？",25,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-031","下列何者並非造成電氣火災的原因？",31,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-028",111,"通風控制燃燒下，居室內有可燃物 1200 kg，該居室有一開口面積 6 m2，高度 2 m，則火災持續時間約幾分鐘？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-028",110,"下列有關電器用品「焦耳熱」之敘述，何者錯誤？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-028",109,"森林火災的種類與敘述，下列何者正確？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-028",108,"火場中煙霧的成分複雜且多具毒性，火災時若吸入下列何種氣體，會妨礙細胞中氧化酵素之活性，造成細胞呼吸停止？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-028",106,"有一平板絕緣層內面溫度為 270℃，外面以熱對流方式散失到 20℃的空氣中，平板厚度為 4 cm，熱傳導係數 K=1.2W\u002Fm℃，若要使平面外面的溫度不超過 70℃，試求其對流熱傳係數的極小值？",1785123163755]