[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-107-1-fire-science-029":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-107-1-火災學概要-029","fire-107-1-fire-science-029",107,1,29,"下列何者並非學校實驗室火災之特性？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"化學藥品眾多","防火毯為常用之滅火方式","水為主要的滅火藥劑","安全資料表為必備之資料","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：學校實驗室的火災特性,以及為什麼實驗室不能把水當成第一線滅火藥劑。\n【正解理由】實驗室的火災風險來自藥品本身的化學性質:鈉、鉀、鎂等活性金屬遇水反應放出氫氣並大量放熱,反而擴大災情;汽油、乙醚、丙酮等比重小於水又不溶於水的有機溶劑,射水會使液面上浮並隨水流四散;通電中的儀器與電源盤直接射水另有感電之虞。因此實驗室的第一線手段是防火毯、二氧化碳與乾粉,水只在確認藥品性質安全後才作輔助,並非主要滅火藥劑,故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 正確:實驗室同時存放氧化性、易燃性、腐蝕性與毒性藥品,種類多、量少而雜,是實驗室火災的根本特性。\n(B) 正確:防火毯以隔絕空氣的窒息原理滅火,對桌面小火與人員衣物起火最直接,也不會像射水造成藥品飛濺,屬實驗室常備器材。\n(C) 錯在把一般建築火災的用水思維套進化學場所,理由如上。\n(D) 正確:存放危害性化學品之場所,依化學品危害通識制度須備置安全資料表,供辨識危害與應變資訊。\n【記憶點】實驗室先看藥品性質再選藥劑——水不是萬用解,防火毯與乾粉才是常態。","實驗室火災是「依火災分類選滅火藥劑」的最佳案例。A類普通火災可用水與泡沫;B類油類火災靠窒息與抑制,水柱只會助長流淌延燒;C類電氣火災須用不導電藥劑,二氧化碳最典型;D類金屬火災必須用專用乾粉或乾砂,鈉、鉀、鋰、鎂遇水會生成氫氣與強鹼並劇烈放熱,屬絕對禁水物質。實驗室的特殊之處在於這四類風險常同時存在於同一張實驗桌上,所以「先判性質、後選藥劑」比背藥劑種類更重要,這也是本題把「水為主要滅火藥劑」設為錯誤敘述的用意。\n滅火機制對照可以這樣記:水靠冷卻、二氧化碳與防火毯靠窒息、乾粉與海龍替代藥劑靠化學抑制、泡沫則是窒息加冷卻的雙重作用。防火毯的原理是阻斷氧氣供應,用於人員衣物起火時還能避免奔跑助燃,考題常與「停、躺、滾」的自救動作合併命題。\n安全資料表是另一個高頻考點,內容共十六大項,依序為物品與廠商辨識、危害辨識、成分辨識、急救措施、滅火措施、洩漏處理、安全處置與儲存、暴露預防、物理及化學性質、安定性及反應性、毒性、生態、廢棄處置、運送、法規以及其他資料;其中「滅火措施」欄位會直接載明適用與禁用之滅火劑,正是本題「水為何不是主要藥劑」的文件性依據,也說明選項D確為實驗室必備資料。\n實驗室的起火源同樣具有辨識度:電熱板、烘箱與加熱包長時間運轉而無人看管,回流冷凝水中斷導致溶劑蒸氣逸出,混合禁忌藥品接觸產生放熱反應,以及廢液桶混裝不相容成分,都是典型情境。這些起火源的共同點是「化學性」,火勢一開始就伴隨毒性煙氣與潛在爆炸風險,與一般辦公空間的普通火災性質截然不同。\n延伸考點:藥品分類儲存原則(氧化劑與可燃物分離、酸與鹼分離)、緊急沖淋與洗眼設備的定位、通風櫃在火災初期扮演的角色,以及禁水性物質、自燃性物質的分類,都是同一組題型的變化。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-028","下列何者並非古蹟火災防護之特性？",28,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-030","固體燃料火焰延燒最快的方式為下列何者？",30,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-027","下列何者並非高科技廠房火災之特性？",27,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-031","下列何者並非造成電氣火災的原因？",31,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-026","在火勢擴大的過程中，下列那一現象並非成長期的常見特徵？",26,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-032","下列何者並非防火區劃構件構造之性質？",32,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-029",111,"建築物內部裝潢材料對閃燃時間（F.O.T.）的影響，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-029",110,"工廠使用之乙炔（C2H2），為防止爆炸引起火災，常利用裝有某化學物質與多孔性物質充填物之鋼瓶加壓保存，請問該化學物質為何？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-029",109,"有關防火塗料敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-029",108,"煙霧的流動為由高壓處往低壓處流，因此加壓造成壓力差可以有效控制煙霧流動。若於一安全梯間流入體積流率為 Q(m3\u002Fs)的空氣，形成 P 的壓力差，現欲將壓力差提高到 2P，則流入的空氣體積流率應為多少？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-029",106,"一般而言，區劃空間火災中引發閃燃時，樓地板最低輻射熱通量值約為何？",1785123163768]