[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-107-1-fire-science-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-107-1-火災學概要-032","fire-107-1-fire-science-032",107,1,32,"下列何者並非防火區劃構件構造之性質？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"遮焰性","阻熱性","滅火性","遮煙性","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：防火區劃構件應具備的性能項目,考的是「區劃屬被動防火,不是滅火設備」。\n【正解理由】防火區劃的功能,是在一定時效內把火與煙侷限於起火區內,爭取避難與搶救時間,因此對牆、樓板、防火門窗等構件的要求集中在三種性能:遮焰性,受火時不得出現貫穿裂縫或讓火焰竄至背火面;阻熱性,背火面溫升不得超過限值,避免以輻射引燃鄰室可燃物;遮煙性,接縫與貫穿部的漏煙量受限,阻止煙流擴散。三者都屬被動防火性能,構件本身並不具備主動撲滅火勢的能力,滅火是滅火設備的工作,故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 是性能:遮焰性要求受火側的火焰與熱氣流不得穿透構件到達背火面。\n(B) 是性能:阻熱性以背火面溫升為判準,標準耐火試驗一般採平均溫升攝氏一百四十度、單點最高溫升攝氏一百八十度為門檻。\n(C) 非性能:滅火屬主動系統的功能,區劃構件只阻隔不撲滅,理由如上。\n(D) 是性能:遮煙性針對煙的擴散,以門縫氣密、貫穿部填塞與漏煙量檢核。\n【記憶點】區劃只做三件事——擋火、擋熱、擋煙,不做滅火。","防火區劃是被動防火的核心手段,思維與主動滅火系統完全不同:主動系統靠偵知與放射藥劑撲滅火勢,被動防火則靠構件在標準加熱曲線的高溫下維持完整性,把火限制在一定範圍內。耐火試驗以標準升溫曲線加熱試體,同時檢核三項判準——非受火面不得出現火焰或竄出可引燃棉墊的熱氣(遮焰性)、背火面溫升不得超過限值(阻熱性)、以及承載構件不得崩塌(承載能力);遮煙性則另以漏煙量或氣密性能檢核,對常時關閉型防火門特別重要。\n區劃的種類是常考的對照表:面積區劃以樓地板面積為準,將大空間切割成若干防護區;樓層區劃防止火勢沿樓層垂直擴大;用途區劃(異種用途區劃)把危險度不同的用途分隔,例如停車空間與住宿空間之間;垂直貫穿部區劃則處理樓梯、電梯昇降路、管道間等上下貫通空間,以及配管配線穿越區劃時的填塞。\n易混淆對照:防火區劃管的是火與熱,防煙區劃管的是煙的水平蓄積,兩者判準與構件不同,防煙垂壁屬後者;防火門的常時關閉型與隨時可自動關閉型也常被混為一談,後者平時開放、火災時由探測器連動關閉,一旦被雜物卡住,整個區劃即形同失效,是火場擴大的典型原因。\n區劃的價值最終落在時間軸上:構件依防火時效分級,時效愈長,代表在標準加熱條件下維持三項性能的時間愈久,爭取到的避難與搶救時間也愈多。實務火場中區劃失效的原因幾乎都不是構件本體不合格,而是開口部被破壞——防火門被墊住、貫穿部未填塞、管道間檢修口未關閉,火與煙就沿著這些破口跨越區劃,使原本的時效歸零。\n延伸考點:同一觀念會以「防火時效」「防火構造與耐火建築物之區別」「貫穿部填塞材料的目的」等形式命題,答題主軸都是同一句話:區劃提供的是時間,不是滅火。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-031","下列何者並非造成電氣火災的原因？",31,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-033","燃燒時若生成的熱與散失的熱保持平衡，燃燒溫度保持均勻之燃燒為下列何者？",33,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-030","固體燃料火焰延燒最快的方式為下列何者？",30,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-034","建築物火災發生後，若火勢由局部火災擴散至全面火災之短時間現象稱為？",34,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-029","下列何者並非學校實驗室火災之特性？",29,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-107-1-fire-science-035","描述火勢大小之物理量為下列何者？",35,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-032",111,"下列何者非油槽火災發生沸溢或濺溢的主要因素？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-032",110,"有關爆炸性物質之特性，下列何者正確？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-032",109,"已知天花板噴流溫度攝氏 135℃，天花板噴流速度 1.8 m\u002Fs，環境初始溫度 20℃，感知撒水頭作動溫度攝氏 72℃，反應時間指數 67(m1\u002F2s1\u002F2)，感知撒水頭作動時間為下列何者？（提示： ln115=4.74, ln63=4.14）",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-032",108,"下列有關防止靜電災害的方法中，何者錯誤？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-032",106,"火場能見度與煙霧消光係數有密切關係，若以煙霧的質量光學密度 Dm（m2\u002Fg）代表煙霧密度，假定在長 8m、寬 6m、高 3m 之實驗室燃燒 600g 之聚氯乙烯（PVC），其 Dm＝0.12 m2\u002Fg，試估算實驗室內發光避難指示燈之能見度為何？",1785123163807]