[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-108-1-fire-science-032":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-108-1-火災學概要-032","fire-108-1-fire-science-032",108,1,32,"下列有關防止靜電災害的方法中，何者錯誤？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"使用導線性材料，以防止靜電發生","降低空氣的相對濕度，以免導電","接地以消除導體與大地間的電位差","減少摩擦以降低靜電之發生","B",null,[],false,"本題考點：靜電災害的防止對策,核心在「濕度與電荷洩漏的關係」,以及導電化、接地、減少摩擦三大基本手段。\n【正解理由】靜電防制的原理是「少產生、快洩漏」。空氣中的水分會在物體表面形成極薄的吸濕水膜,使表面電阻下降,電荷得以持續逸散;相對濕度愈低,表面電阻愈高,電荷愈容易累積到足以火花放電的電位。因此作業場所是要「提高」相對濕度(一般以六成以上為目標),B 把方向講反了,故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 採用導電性材料(如導電地坪、導電鞋、抗靜電添加劑),可讓電荷即時流散不致停留累積,屬正確的防止方法。\n(B) 降低相對濕度會讓表面失去吸濕水膜、表面電阻升高,電荷反而更易蓄積並放電,敘述錯誤,為本題應選者。\n(C) 接地是把導體上的電荷導入大地,消除導體與大地間的電位差,放電即無從發生,是最基本且有效的防制手段。\n(D) 靜電主要來自接觸分離與摩擦帶電,降低輸送流速、減少摩擦與攪拌即從源頭抑制電荷生成,敘述正確。\n【記憶點】靜電怕濕不怕乾:加濕、接地、導電、放慢速度,四招缺一不可。","靜電的生成機制可分為接觸分離帶電、摩擦帶電、流動帶電(液體在管內流動)、噴出帶電(液體或粉體自噴嘴噴出)、感應帶電與凍結帶電等。帶電體累積的電荷若無洩漏路徑,電位持續上升,最後以火花放電、刷形放電或傳播型刷形放電的形式釋放。三者中以火花放電能量最集中,最容易成為引火源。\n\n靜電要造成火災爆炸,必須同時滿足三個條件:①有靜電產生與蓄積的環境 ②放電能量大於可燃性混合氣的最小著火能量(MIE)③現場濃度落在爆炸界限內。常見 MIE 值可作為危險度對照:氫氣約 0.02 mJ、甲烷約 0.28 mJ、一般有機溶劑蒸氣約 0.2 至 0.3 mJ、可燃性粉塵多在數十 mJ 等級。人體帶電後的放電能量即可達數十 mJ,足以引燃多數溶劑蒸氣,這也是加油站設置靜電釋放板的理由。\n\n相對濕度六成的門檻怎麼來的:多數絕緣材料的表面電阻率隨濕度上升而急遽下降,約在相對濕度 60% 至 70% 之間出現明顯轉折,此時表面吸濕膜足以讓電荷緩慢洩漏。冬季乾燥、空調除濕的室內因此特別容易發生靜電事故。\n\n易混淆對照:靜電接地與電氣設備的保護接地目的不同,前者只求電荷能洩漏,接地電阻要求相對寬鬆;後者為確保故障電流動作與人身安全,要求嚴格。另需分辨「導電性材料」與「絕緣材料加抗靜電劑」——前者本身電阻低,後者靠表面吸濕發揮作用,在乾燥環境會失效。\n\n相關考點連結:油品裝卸限制流速、粉體氣力輸送的接地與惰化、可燃性液體採用底部裝載以減少噴濺帶電,都是同一組原理的延伸命題方向。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-031","假設建築物外部風速為 V 時，其迎風面的風壓為 P，當風速提高為 2V 時，建築物所受風壓變為：",31,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-033","電氣火災中，下列何者為積污導電現象？",33,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-030","下列何種措施，可以防止由大樓窗口噴出的火焰向上層延燒？",30,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-034","化學物質災害搶救程序 H.A.Z.M.A.T.中有關區域管制事項，下列敘述何者正確？",34,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-029","煙霧的流動為由高壓處往低壓處流，因此加壓造成壓力差可以有效控制煙霧流動。若於一安全梯間流入體積流率為 Q(m3\u002Fs)的空氣，形成 P 的壓力差，現欲將壓力差提高到 2P，則流入的空氣體積流率應為多少？",29,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-035","為避免液化石油氣儲槽因外圍起火燃燒，一時無法撲滅而發生 BLEVE 現象，可採取之防救策略下列何者正確？",35,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-032",111,"下列何者非油槽火災發生沸溢或濺溢的主要因素？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-032",110,"有關爆炸性物質之特性，下列何者正確？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-032",109,"已知天花板噴流溫度攝氏 135℃，天花板噴流速度 1.8 m\u002Fs，環境初始溫度 20℃，感知撒水頭作動溫度攝氏 72℃，反應時間指數 67(m1\u002F2s1\u002F2)，感知撒水頭作動時間為下列何者？（提示： ln115=4.74, ln63=4.14）",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-032",107,"下列何者並非防火區劃構件構造之性質？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-032",106,"火場能見度與煙霧消光係數有密切關係，若以煙霧的質量光學密度 Dm（m2\u002Fg）代表煙霧密度，假定在長 8m、寬 6m、高 3m 之實驗室燃燒 600g 之聚氯乙烯（PVC），其 Dm＝0.12 m2\u002Fg，試估算實驗室內發光避難指示燈之能見度為何？",1785123163358]