[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-108-1-fire-science-034":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-108-1-火災學概要-034","fire-108-1-fire-science-034",108,1,34,"化學物質災害搶救程序 H.A.Z.M.A.T.中有關區域管制事項，下列敘述何者正確？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"指揮站應設置於暖區","民眾、記者應安排於冷區中","熱區為事故地點周圍可能遭受污染的地區","搶救人員之人員除污應於熱區外圍進行","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：化學物質災害搶救程序 H.A.Z.M.A.T. 六字訣中 Z(Zoning)區域管制的三區劃分與各區功能。\n【正解理由】區域管制將現場由內而外劃為熱區、暖區、冷區:熱區(又稱汙染區、紅區)指事故地點及其周圍可能遭受汙染的地區,只有著適當防護裝備的搶救人員得以進入;暖區(汙染程度降低區、黃區)介於冷熱區之間,是設置除污走廊執行人員與裝備除污的地帶;冷區(安全區、綠區)位於上風上坡處,供指揮站、集結待命與救護站使用。(C) 對熱區的定義與此完全相符,故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 指揮站必須設在未受汙染且能持續運作的冷區,並取上風、上坡、上游位置,設於暖區將使指揮體系暴露於汙染擴散風險。\n(B) 冷區屬管制區內的作業區域,僅供搶救體系使用;民眾與記者應被疏散安置於冷區外的警戒線之外,不得安排在冷區中。\n(C) 熱區即事故點周圍的汙染範圍,以危害物質性質、洩漏量與風向風速劃定,敘述正確,為本題應選者。\n(D) 人員除污須在暖區內劃設的除污走廊完成後才可進入冷區,敘述將除污定位在熱區外圍而未經暖區管制,與三區順序不符。\n【記憶點】熱區汙染、暖區除污、冷區指揮,由內而外三層不可跳。","H.A.Z.M.A.T. 是化學物質災害搶救的標準程序口訣,六個字母依序為:H(Hazard identification)危害辨識,由標示、運送文件、物質安全資料表與偵檢器材確認物質種類;A(Action plan)行動方案,依危害性與現場條件擬定搶救策略;Z(Zoning)區域管制,即本題所考的三區劃分;M(Managing the incident)指揮管理,建立事故現場指揮體系與分工;A(Assistance)請求支援,調度專責人員、專業機構與器材;T(Termination)行動終止,含現場復原、除污確認、人員健康監測與紀錄檢討。\n\n三區劃分的判斷邏輯值得整理成表:熱區以汙染可能範圍為界,是唯一需要最高等級防護的區域,人員進出必須管制並記錄;暖區的核心設施是除污走廊,包含脫除裝備、沖洗、廢水收集等關卡,其存在目的是防止汙染由熱區被帶往冷區,故又稱汙染減除區;冷區則是所有支援機能的所在,指揮站、集結區、救護站、器材補給都在此,並須位於上風處以免下風擴散影響。\n\n易混淆概念對照:「警戒區」與「冷區」不同,警戒區是對外的封鎖線,線外才是民眾與媒體的位置;而冷區在封鎖線內,屬於作業空間。另需分辨「除污」與「洗消」的用語層次,以及人員除污與裝備、車輛除污的順序差異。\n\n相關考點連結:同一組概念常與「上風、上坡、上游」的接近原則、危害物質辨識的四位數聯合國編號、標示牌菱形圖示判讀、洩漏擴散半徑推估等合併命題;也常改以「下列何者應設於冷區」的正向問法出現,備考時務必把三區的設施清單各自記牢。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-033","電氣火災中，下列何者為積污導電現象？",33,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-035","為避免液化石油氣儲槽因外圍起火燃燒，一時無法撲滅而發生 BLEVE 現象，可採取之防救策略下列何者正確？",35,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-032","下列有關防止靜電災害的方法中，何者錯誤？",32,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-036","下列何者不是 IG-541 氣體滅火藥劑的成分？",36,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-031","假設建築物外部風速為 V 時，其迎風面的風壓為 P，當風速提高為 2V 時，建築物所受風壓變為：",31,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-037","下列有關 GHS 制度之說明，何者錯誤？",37,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-034",111,"下列何者非細水霧滅火系統的特性？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-034",110,"液體變化為氣體之物理現象中，若變化速度至為急速時，因能量在極短的時間內大量放出，即形成爆炸現象，此現象之名稱為何？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-034",109,"BLEVE 的發生，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-034",107,"建築物火災發生後，若火勢由局部火災擴散至全面火災之短時間現象稱為？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-034",106,"假設建築物外部風速為 20 m\u002Fs，風壓係數為 0.6，空氣密度為 1 kg\u002Fm3，其對建築物迎風面所產生的風壓約為多少？",1785123163376]