[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-108-1-fire-science-036":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-108-1-火災學概要-036","fire-108-1-fire-science-036",108,1,36,"下列何者不是 IG-541 氣體滅火藥劑的成分？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"氦氣","氮氣","二氧化碳","氬氣","A",null,[],false,"本題考點：IG-541 潔淨氣體滅火藥劑的組成比例,以及 IG 系列各藥劑成分的辨識。\n【正解理由】IG-541 是由氮氣約 52%、氬氣約 40%、二氧化碳約 8% 混合而成的氣體滅火藥劑,其代號中的「541」正是三種成分約 5:4:1 的比例提示;成分中並不含氦氣。氦氣分子量極小、逸散快且取得成本高,不被採用為滅火藥劑主成分。故選 A。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 氦氣不屬於 IG-541 的組成成分,IG 系列藥劑亦未以氦氣為基礎;氦分子量極小、易自防護區劃的細縫逸散,難以維持設計濃度,為本題應選者。\n(B) 氮氣是 IG-541 中比例最高的成分,約占 52%,主要作用是稀釋防護空間內的氧濃度。\n(C) 二氧化碳約占 8%,比例最低,其設計用意在於使人員呼吸加深、提升低氧環境下的耐受性。\n(D) 氬氣約占 40%,為惰性單原子氣體,與氮氣共同構成藥劑的主要稀釋成分。\n【記憶點】IG-541 唸成「五四一」:氮五、氬四、碳一,沒有氦。","IG 系列藥劑是以自然界既有氣體混合而成的潔淨滅火藥劑,臭氧層破壞潛勢為零、全球暖化潛勢極低,是海龍(鹵化物)藥劑淘汰後的主要替代方向之一。常見成員可整理成一張對照表:IG-01 為氬氣 100%、IG-100 為氮氣 100%、IG-55 為氮氣 50% 與氬氣 50%、IG-541 為氮氣 52%、氬氣 40% 與二氧化碳 8%。代號的數字即成分比例的縮寫,記住這套編碼規則,考場上遇到任何 IG 型號都能反推成分。\n\n滅火機制方面,IG 系列屬純物理性的稀釋窒息:藥劑釋放後將防護空間的氧濃度由 21% 稀釋至約 12% 至 15%,使燃燒無法維持,過程中不參與化學反應,也不像水系藥劑具明顯冷卻能力。這與 HFC-227ea、FK-5-1-12 等海龍替代的含氟潔淨藥劑不同,後者主要靠自由基捕捉的化學抑制與少量吸熱冷卻發揮效果,設計濃度也低得多。\n\nIG-541 加入 8% 二氧化碳的設計理由是常見考點:人在低氧環境中的呼吸驅動主要受血中二氧化碳分壓調節,適量的二氧化碳可促使呼吸加深、增加攝氧效率,降低短時間滯留者缺氧的風險。但這不代表釋放區域可任意停留,設計上仍以低氧濃度不低於人員可耐受範圍為前提。\n\n易混淆概念對照:二氧化碳藥劑與 IG-541 都靠窒息,但前者是高濃度單一成分、且具明顯的冷卻與噴出乾冰現象;IG 系列則以高壓氣態儲存、釋放時不會產生大量白霧。另需分辨 IG-541 與 NFPA 標準中同屬惰性氣體類的 IG-55,兩者常被混記。\n\n相關考點連結:同一組概念常延伸至稀釋滅火法的最低氧濃度計算、藥劑鋼瓶儲存壓力、以及潔淨藥劑的臭氧層破壞潛勢與大氣滯留時間比較。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-035","為避免液化石油氣儲槽因外圍起火燃燒，一時無法撲滅而發生 BLEVE 現象，可採取之防救策略下列何者正確？",35,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-037","下列有關 GHS 制度之說明，何者錯誤？",37,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-034","化學物質災害搶救程序 H.A.Z.M.A.T.中有關區域管制事項，下列敘述何者正確？",34,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-038","可燃物不藉由火焰或電器火花引起燃燒，在大氣中僅因受熱而引發燃燒的最低溫度稱為：",38,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-033","電氣火災中，下列何者為積污導電現象？",33,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-108-1-fire-science-039","高壓氣體的爆炸界限，通常較常壓下為廣，爆炸上限也明顯提高，但下列何種氣體之爆炸範圍及爆炸上限在高壓下卻降低？",39,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-036",111,"下列有關燃燒速度之敘述，何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-036",110,"為防止靜電發生放電時引火造成火災，請問下列有關靜電災害之防止對策何者錯誤？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-036",109,"房間的體積為 V=6 m×5 m×3 m，其中 O2 占 0.21 V，請問至少要加入多少公升（L）的 CO2 讓燃燒作用無法持續？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-036",107,"下列何項不是閃燃發生之條件？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-036",106,"在一大氣壓力狀態下，假設空氣中氧（O2）之重量占整體空氣的 23%，試問 1 kg 之硫（S）完全燃燒，約需多少公斤之空氣？",1785123163391]