[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-109-1-fire-science-013":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-109-1-火災學概要-013","fire-109-1-fire-science-013",109,1,13,"下列的滅火設備，何者屬於窒息法滅火原理？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"海龍滅火設備","室內消防栓","IG-541","CEA-410","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：滅火原理的分類判別,找出以稀釋氧濃度(窒息法)為主要機制的滅火設備。\n【正解理由】IG-541 由氮氣約 52%、氬氣約 40%、二氧化碳約 8% 組成,三者皆為不參與燃燒反應的惰性成分。放射後靠大量氣體把防護區劃內的氧濃度自 21% 稀釋至約 12～14%,低於一般可燃物維持燃燒所需的極限氧濃度,火焰因缺氧而熄滅,完全不涉及化學抑制,是窒息法的代表,故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 海龍為鹵化物藥劑,溴與氯自由基捕捉燃燒連鎖反應中的 H·、OH· 自由基,屬化學抑制作用,其滅火濃度僅約 5%,遠低於稀釋所需濃度,可證非靠窒息。\n(B) 室內消防栓以射水滅火,靠水的比熱與汽化潛熱吸熱降溫,主作用為冷卻;產生的水蒸氣雖有些許稀釋效果,僅屬次要附帶作用。\n(C) 成分全為不燃惰性氣體,單純以降低氧濃度達成滅火,不生分解產物,正是窒息法的典型,為應選項。\n(D) CEA-410 為全氟丁烷(FC-3-1-10)的商品代號,屬鹵化烴類潔淨藥劑,滅火以抑制連鎖反應為主,與惰性氣體的物理稀釋不同。\n【記憶點】編號帶 IG(惰性氣體)的靠稀釋氧氣,鹵素系的靠打斷自由基連鎖反應。","四大滅火原理與代表藥劑必須整組記牢:冷卻法對應水系藥劑;窒息法對應二氧化碳與惰性氣體系;除去法對應關閉燃料閥、拆除可燃物與防火間隔;抑制連鎖反應(負觸媒法)對應海龍、鹵化烴與乾粉。判別題的關鍵在區分「主要機制」與「附帶效果」——水放出時也會稀釋氧、二氧化碳氣化時也會吸熱,但命題所問的是主導機制。\n惰性氣體系藥劑的編號規則很好用:IG 代表 inert gas,IG-01 為純氬、IG-100 為純氮、IG-55 為氮與氬各半、IG-541 為氮 52%、氬 40%、二氧化碳 8%。其中摻入少量二氧化碳的用意在刺激呼吸中樞,使人在低氧環境下呼吸加深、提高血氧攝取效率,提升可存活性,這是 IG-541 與純氮系統的最大差別。設計上氧濃度多降至 12% 以上,人員仍可短時間停留,而二氧化碳系統的設計濃度會使氧降到約 14% 以下,對人員有窒息危險,兩者的人員安全等級不同。\n鹵化烴類則走另一條路。海龍 1301(CF₃Br)因臭氧破壞潛能高,已依國際公約管制而逐步汰換,替代品如 FM-200(HFC-227ea)、CEA-410(FC-3-1-10)、Novec 1230 等,仍以化學抑制為主要機制,但高溫分解時可能產生氟化氫等腐蝕性、刺激性氣體,這是與惰性氣體系相比的主要缺點。\n易混淆對照與常見考法:給藥劑名稱問滅火原理、給滅火濃度反推機制(濃度個位數百分比者必為化學抑制,二十至五十個百分點者為稀釋)、比較臭氧破壞潛能與全球暖化潛勢,以及問各藥劑對人員的安全性差異。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-012","下列常見之乾粉滅火藥劑敘述何者正確？",12,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-014","火場溫度隨燃燒時間而逐漸升高，其空氣亦漸膨脹，空氣由外界流入該起火房間，同時熱煙霧也會從該起火房間流出。若忽略燃燒分解過程而產生之質量流率，建築物內部空氣溫度為 25℃，起火房間溫度為 800℃，流入起火房間之空氣體積流量為 1 m3\u002Fs，則流出起火房間之熱煙霧體積流量約為若干？",14,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-011","某一線徑 2.0 m\u002Fm 之電線 1 km 長之電阻值為 5.657 Ω，熱阻抗為 378。若周遭溫度為 20℃，當此 10 cm 長之電線通過 10 安培時，其芯線溫度（℃）約為多少？",11,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-015","下列海龍替代滅火藥劑，何者之化學組成為五氟乙烷？",15,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-010","有水之場所的插頭應加裝何種裝置以防止感電發生？",10,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-016","假設建築物外部風速為 10 m\u002Fs，風壓係數為 0.6，空氣密度為 1.0 kg\u002Fm3，其對迎風面建築物所產生的風壓約為？",16,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-013",111,"高層建築物火災特性下列何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-013",110,"有一開口面積為 10.0 m2，開口高度為 1.44 m 之居室，當其發生火災而形成通風控制燃燒時，根據 P. H. Thomas 之研究結果，則燃燒速度為多少 kg\u002Fmin？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-013",108,"比較室內火災閃燃（Flashover）與複燃（Backdraft），下列敘述何者正確？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-013",107,"假設大氣中氧氣容積為 21%，現在一密閉空間（體積為 V）內，有三分之一體積（V\u002F3）為惰性氣體時（壓力仍為一大氣壓），該空間內氧氣濃度為多少%？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-013",106,"氣體本身受到壓縮，增高溫度時，亦可發火，此稱為：",1785123162746]