[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-109-1-fire-science-029":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-109-1-火災學概要-029","fire-109-1-fire-science-029",109,1,29,"有關防火塗料敘述，下列何者錯誤？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"火災時阻止火焰的傳播","防火形式可分為膨脹型與非膨脹型","塗覆在物件表面，利用材料的低導熱性與放熱性形成一般性保護","可分為溶劑性與水溶性兩類","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：防火塗料的作用機制與分類，關鍵在辨識「放熱性」與「吸熱、隔熱」的差別。\n【正解理由】防火塗料的保護原理是在被保護物表面形成低導熱性的隔熱層，並於受熱時藉由脫水、發泡、分解等吸熱反應帶走熱量，延緩基材升溫以取得耐火時效。其性質必須是吸熱，若塗層本身具放熱性，反而會回饋熱量助長火勢，與防火目的相反。本項把「吸熱性」誤寫為「放熱性」，敘述錯誤，故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 正確。降低表面燃燒性、阻止火焰沿物件表面傳播，延緩延燒與閃燃到達時間，是防火塗料最基本的功能。\n(B) 正確。依受熱行為分為膨脹型與非膨脹型：膨脹型受熱發泡碳化形成多孔隔熱層，厚度可膨脹為原塗膜的數十倍；非膨脹型則以本身低導熱、不燃的材質直接隔熱。\n(C) 錯誤，為本題應選者。應為利用材料的低導熱性與吸熱性形成保護，「放熱性」的敘述與作用機制牴觸。\n(D) 正確。依成膜介質分為溶劑性(以有機溶劑分散)與水溶性(以水為分散介質)兩類，後者揮發性有機物較少。\n【記憶點】防火塗料只做兩件事：擋熱(低導熱)與吃熱(吸熱)，絕不會放熱。","防火塗料屬於被動式防火(passive fire protection)的一環，與撒水設備這類主動式滅火手段互補。它的價值不在滅火，而在替結構體與可燃材料爭取時間：把基材升溫到臨界溫度的時間拉長，讓避難與救災得以完成。鋼材在攝氏 500 至 550 度左右強度即衰減至常溫的一半上下，這是耐火被覆與防火塗料存在的物理理由。\n\n膨脹型防火塗料的化學組成通常包含三個功能成分：受熱分解釋出酸的脫水成炭觸媒、提供碳源的成炭劑，以及受熱釋出不燃氣體的發泡劑。三者依序作用——酸源先催化碳源脫水成炭，同時發泡劑釋放氣體把尚未硬化的碳層吹脹成蜂窩狀多孔結構。這層碳質泡沫的導熱係數極低，等於在基材外多加一床隔熱棉，其吸熱與隔熱是兩種並行的機制，而不是靠塗層燃燒放熱。非膨脹型則不改變厚度，靠本身的低導熱率、含水結晶脫水吸熱或不燃填料達到延緩升溫的效果。\n\n易混淆概念對照：防火塗料、耐火被覆與防焰處理三者常被混為一談。耐火被覆多為噴塗或包覆的厚層材料，目標是結構體的耐火時效；防火塗料是薄層塗裝，兼顧外觀與防火；防焰處理則是針對窗簾、地毯、布幕等織品，使其接觸小火源時不易延燒且離火自熄，考的是材料本身的燃燒性而非結構耐火。另一組要分清的是「不燃材料、耐燃材料、難燃材料」的等級概念與「阻火、耐火」的目的差異。\n\n延伸考點方向：膨脹倍率與碳層完整性決定隔熱效果，碳層若龜裂剝落即失去保護；塗膜厚度與耐火時效呈正相關，是驗證試驗的主要變數；此外防火塗料在火場中的分解產物與發煙量，也是評估其對避難安全影響的考量點。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-028","森林火災的種類與敘述，下列何者正確？",28,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-030","海龍替代滅火藥劑中，下列何者在大氣之滯留時間最久？",30,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-027","下列有關泡沫滅火劑，何者敘述正確？",27,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-031","建築物火災在閃燃發生後之全盛期火災的特性，不包括下列何者？",31,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-026","閃燃發生時間之影響因素中，通風為其中之一項，請問：A0(H0)1\u002F2 的通風因子公式中，A0 與 H0 各代表何意？",26,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-109-1-fire-science-032","已知天花板噴流溫度攝氏 135℃，天花板噴流速度 1.8 m\u002Fs，環境初始溫度 20℃，感知撒水頭作動溫度攝氏 72℃，反應時間指數 67(m1\u002F2s1\u002F2)，感知撒水頭作動時間為下列何者？（提示： ln115=4.74, ln63=4.14）",32,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-029",111,"建築物內部裝潢材料對閃燃時間（F.O.T.）的影響，下列敘述何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-029",110,"工廠使用之乙炔（C2H2），為防止爆炸引起火災，常利用裝有某化學物質與多孔性物質充填物之鋼瓶加壓保存，請問該化學物質為何？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-029",108,"煙霧的流動為由高壓處往低壓處流，因此加壓造成壓力差可以有效控制煙霧流動。若於一安全梯間流入體積流率為 Q(m3\u002Fs)的空氣，形成 P 的壓力差，現欲將壓力差提高到 2P，則流入的空氣體積流率應為多少？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-029",107,"下列何者並非學校實驗室火災之特性？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-029",106,"一般而言，區劃空間火災中引發閃燃時，樓地板最低輻射熱通量值約為何？",1785123162916]