[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-110-1-fire-science-018":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-110-1-火災學概要-018","fire-110-1-fire-science-018",110,1,18,"根據「危害物質災害現場搶救標準作業程序」之規定，其首要工作為何？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"擬定行動方案","區域管制","建立管理系統","危害辨識","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：危害物質災害現場處置流程的先後順序,起手式是先確認「面對的是什麼物質」。\n【正解理由】危害物質災害搶救的作業程序,以「危害辨識」為第一步:先由聯合國編號(UN No.)、危險物品運送標示、NFPA 704 菱形標示、物質安全資料表(SDS)與現場徵候,判定物質種類、危險特性與可能濃度;辨識完成後,防護裝備等級、管制區半徑、滅火藥劑選擇與除污方式才有依據。物質未明即進入現場,等同讓搶救人員暴露於未知的毒性、腐蝕性或反應性風險,故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 擬定行動方案:須以辨識結果為輸入,不知物質特性即無從決定採攻擊或防禦、稀釋或圍堵,順序在辨識之後。\n(B) 區域管制:禁區、影響區與支援區的半徑取決於物質毒性、蒸氣密度與風向,同樣要先辨識才畫得出來。\n(C) 建立管理系統:屬指揮體系與任務編組的組織作為,不因物質種類而異,不會排在辨識之前。\n(D) 危害辨識:為整個流程的起點,正確。\n【記憶點】先認得它,才談怎麼圍、怎麼打——辨識永遠是第一步。","危害物質災害與一般建築物火災最大的差異,在於「未知」本身就是主要風險來源。辨識階段可用的工具大致四類:一是運輸標示,包括聯合國四位數編號與菱形危險標籤,標籤圖案對應第一類爆炸物到第九類其他危險物品的分類;二是固定場所常見的 NFPA 704 四色菱形標示,藍色代表健康危害、紅色代表可燃性、黃色代表不安定性,白色填註特殊警語如禁水(W)或氧化性(OX),前三色各以 0 至 4 分級;三是物質安全資料表,記載閃火點、沸點、蒸氣密度、燃燒界限、毒性與適用滅火方法;四是現場徵候與偵檢儀器,如氣味、煙色、蒸氣雲的流動行為與可燃氣體偵測器讀值。\n\n辨識完成後才進入後續步驟:依毒性與濃度決定防護裝備等級(A 級全密封式至 D 級一般工作服),依蒸氣密度與風向劃定禁區、影響區與支援區,再建立管理系統、擬定行動方案並執行除污。這個順序與火災學「先掌握燃料特性,再談控制策略」的邏輯完全一致。\n\n易混淆之處在於蒸氣密度:比空氣重者(如丙烷、汽油蒸氣)會沿地面與窪地流動,警戒範圍在判定上須向低處延伸;比空氣輕者(如氫氣、氨)向上擴散,重點在上層空間與通風路徑。另外,禁水性物質如金屬鈉、碳化鈣,若在辨識前逕行射水,反而與水反應產生可燃氣體而擴大災情——這正是命題者最愛用來凸顯「辨識優先」的情境。\n\n再者,辨識並非一次完成即告結束,而是隨資訊累積持續修正:初期可能僅由運輸標籤研判為第三類易燃液體,待偵檢儀器讀值、貨運文件與現場人員陳述進來後,才確認實際成分與濃度,管制範圍與防護等級也隨之調整。這種「邊辨識、邊修正」的動態特性,正是把危害辨識列為首要工作而非單一步驟的理由。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-017","下列惰性氣體類海龍替代滅火藥劑中，何者的比重小於 1？",17,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-019","當發生危害物質災害時，為降低對民眾及搶救人員的危害，應迅速劃定管制區域，下列區域何者一般以黃色標示？",19,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-016","市面上販售的 ABC 乾粉滅火器內充填的乾粉滅火藥劑主要成分為：",16,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-020","某室內火場的煙層厚度為 1 公尺，若此時光學密度為 0.173，則該場域中避難反光指標之能見度為多少公尺？",20,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-015","下列有關液化天然氣（LNG）與液化石油氣（LPG）之比較，何者正確？",15,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-021","下列物質在常溫時，何者的熱傳導係數（W\u002Fm∙K）較低？",21,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-018",111,"下列何者非電線走火之原因？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-018",109,"化學災害搶救程序 HAZMAT 之說明，下列何者正確？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-018",108,"當氣體進行「壓縮比=2」的斷熱壓縮時，下列對該氣體的敘述何者正確？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-018",107,"已知木造倉庫高 6 公尺，如延燒係數為 0.15，依木造建築物火災溫度標準曲線，其鄰棟建築物之理論安全距離應在多少公尺以上？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-018",106,"有關煙囪效應之敘述，下列何者錯誤？",1785123162405]