[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-110-1-fire-science-036":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-110-1-火災學概要-036","fire-110-1-fire-science-036",110,1,36,"為防止靜電發生放電時引火造成火災，請問下列有關靜電災害之防止對策何者錯誤？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"使用導電性材料製造之零件或器具","使用除電劑","改用塑膠管件，防止導電","接地","C",null,[],false,"本題考點：靜電災害的防止對策——關鍵在讓電荷有路徑洩放,而非阻斷導電。\n【正解理由】靜電火災的成因是電荷在絕緣物體上不斷累積,電位升高至足以擊穿空氣時產生火花放電,若周遭存在可燃性蒸氣或粉塵便引燃起火。因此各項對策的共同邏輯都是降低電荷累積速率或提高洩放速率,包括接地與等電位連結、改用導電性或抗靜電材料、塗布除電劑降低表面電阻、提高環境濕度、以離子風中和,以及降低流速與摩擦。改用塑膠管件正好相反,是四者中唯一的錯誤對策,故選 C。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 正確。導電性材料製成的零件與器具可使電荷即時流散,不致在局部累積成高電位。\n(B) 正確。除電劑(抗靜電劑)可吸附水分並降低材料表面電阻率,使既生電荷得以緩慢洩放。\n(C) 錯誤,為本題應選者。塑膠屬高電阻絕緣材,以其取代金屬並刻意防止導電,等於切斷電荷洩放路徑,反而累積出更高電位。\n(D) 正確。接地是最基本且最有效的對策,把導體上的電荷直接導入大地,維持在接近零電位。\n【記憶點】靜電對策要「讓電跑掉」,凡是提高絕緣、阻斷導電的作法都與目的背道而馳。","靜電的產生機制在火災學裡常分成幾類:兩種材質接觸後分離的摩擦帶電與剝離帶電、液體在管內流動並與過濾器摩擦的流動帶電、液體或粉體自噴嘴高速噴出的噴出帶電,以及粉粒在槽內沉降時的沉降帶電。共同特徵是電荷產生速率與接觸面積、分離速度、流速成正比,所以裝卸油品限制流速、粉體輸送避免高速氣送,都是從源頭減量的思路。\n放電型態決定引燃能力。金屬導體對地放電屬火花放電,能量集中,最容易引燃;絕緣體表面的刷形放電能量分散,約可達數毫焦耳,足以引燃氣體但未必引燃粉塵;高絕緣薄膜兩面異性帶電時可能出現傳播型刷形放電,能量可達數焦耳,危險性最高;大型筒倉內的粉體堆積則可能發生錐形放電。\n能量門檻的對照很常考:氫氣的最小發火能量約 0.02 毫焦耳,一般碳氫化合物蒸氣約 0.25 毫焦耳,可燃性粉塵多在數毫焦耳至數十毫焦耳之間。人體帶電後對地放電的能量可達數十毫焦耳,遠高於溶劑蒸氣的門檻,這說明為何人體本身也被視為靜電點火源,防靜電鞋與導電地板即針對此點。\n接地與等電位連結的分工也值得分辨:接地是把導體電位拉到大地基準,等電位連結則是消除相鄰導體之間的電位差。兩者只做其一時,仍可能在兩個各自「已接地」但接地路徑不同的金屬件之間跳出火花,這在管線法蘭與金屬軟管的接續處最常見。\n濕度是另一個常被問到的量化指標:相對濕度提高到約 60% 至 65% 以上時,絕緣物表面會形成連續水膜,表面電阻率大幅下降,電荷得以自然洩放;低於 30% 的乾燥環境則是靜電災害的好發條件。延伸考點包括接地電阻的容許值、等電位連結的用意,以及靜電作為粉塵爆炸點火源的合併命題。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-035","面對廚房油鍋起火燃燒，下列何項應對動作的風險最大？",35,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-037","有關電氣火災防範對策中，電器設備之正確使用非常重要，在潮濕場所使用電器時，插頭應加裝何種裝置以防止感電發生？",37,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-034","液體變化為氣體之物理現象中，若變化速度至為急速時，因能量在極短的時間內大量放出，即形成爆炸現象，此現象之名稱為何？",34,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-038","常見泡沫滅火藥劑含有界面活性劑成分，請問下列何者不是泡沫滅火藥劑滅火時界面活性劑的主要作用？",38,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-033","當一小爆炸發生時，其壓力波將全廠之粉塵揚起，再被隨後而至之燃燒引爆所引起之全廠性爆炸，此現象為何？",33,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-110-1-fire-science-039","某建築物內部的空氣溫度為 27 ℃，發生火災的房間溫度為 627 ℃，流入該起火房間的空氣體積流量為 4 m3\u002Fs，若忽略燃燒熱分解過程而產生的質量流率，請計算流出起火房間的煙霧體積流量約為多少？",39,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-111-1-fire-science-036",111,"下列有關燃燒速度之敘述，何者錯誤？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-036",109,"房間的體積為 V=6 m×5 m×3 m，其中 O2 占 0.21 V，請問至少要加入多少公升（L）的 CO2 讓燃燒作用無法持續？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-036",108,"下列何者不是 IG-541 氣體滅火藥劑的成分？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-036",107,"下列何項不是閃燃發生之條件？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-036",106,"在一大氣壓力狀態下，假設空氣中氧（O2）之重量占整體空氣的 23%，試問 1 kg 之硫（S）完全燃燒，約需多少公斤之空氣？",1785123162574]