[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-111-1-fire-science-022":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-111-1-火災學概要-022","fire-111-1-fire-science-022",111,1,22,"連棟式木造建築物引發火災，消防隊射水同時拆除未受火勢波及的房屋，請問其採取的滅火方法係下列何者？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"窒息法＋冷卻法","冷卻法＋移除法","冷卻法＋抑制反應","抑制反應＋窒息法","B",null,[],false,"本題考點：滅火四原理（冷卻、窒息、移除、抑制連鎖反應）與實際消防作為的對應。\n【正解理由】射水是把水送到燃燒面，靠水的高比熱與汽化潛熱把燃燒系統的熱量帶走，使可燃物表面溫度降到熱裂解所需溫度以下，屬冷卻法；拆除尚未受火勢波及的房屋，是把連棟木造建築這條可燃物通路切斷，讓火勢前方沒有燃料可燒，屬移除法（又稱去除法、破壞消防）。兩個作為合起來即冷卻法加移除法，故選 B。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 窒息法是隔絕或稀釋助燃的氧氣，例如覆蓋泡沫、灌注二氧化碳、關閉門窗；拆除房屋並未阻斷氧氣供應，反而使現場更開放，配對不成立。\n(B) 射水對應冷卻、拆屋對應移除，兩項作為與兩種滅火原理逐一對得上，為正確組合。\n(C) 抑制反應是以化學藥劑捕捉燃燒鏈鎖反應中的氫自由基與氫氧自由基，乾粉與海龍替代藥劑才屬此類，單純射水與拆屋都不具此機制。\n(D) 同時誤植抑制反應與窒息法，兩者都不是本題兩個作為的原理，且完全沒有交代冷卻與移除，配對錯誤。\n【記憶點】射水降溫是冷卻，拆屋斷料是移除。","滅火原理的骨架是燃燒四面體：可燃物、助燃物（氧）、熱能、連鎖反應，分別對應移除法、窒息法、冷卻法、抑制法四種手段。水之所以是冷卻法的代表，在於它的比熱約每公克每度一卡，汽化潛熱更高達每公克約五百四十卡，一公克水由常溫升到沸點再全部汽化，可帶走的熱量遠超過同重量的其他常見液體；水汽化後體積膨脹約一千七百倍，還能同時稀釋燃燒區的氧濃度，所以射水常被描述成以冷卻為主、窒息為輔。\n移除法在台灣消防史上最典型的場景就是本題描述的連棟木造街屋：木造建築彼此貼鄰，火勢沿棟連續推進，光靠射水難以同時守住整排，只能在火勢前方預先拆除數棟，製造出沒有燃料的空隙帶把火頭截斷。這與森林火災開闢防火線、瓦斯外洩火災先關閉上游閥門是同一套邏輯——都不是去對付火本身，而是把燃料抽掉。\n易混淆對照：泡沫兼具窒息（覆蓋液面隔絕空氣）與冷卻（本身含水）；二氧化碳以窒息與稀釋氧濃度為主，並有輕微冷卻；乾粉與海龍替代藥劑的主力是抑制連鎖反應，靠捕捉燃燒反應中的活性自由基使反應鏈中斷；水霧則兼有冷卻、窒息與對油類的乳化效果。\n相關考點連結：這一組原理常以「某項作為或某種藥劑對應何種滅火原理」的形式反覆出現，判斷訣竅是先問這個動作抽掉了燃燒四面體的哪一角——降溫抽熱能、覆蓋抽氧、拆除抽燃料、化學藥劑斷鏈鎖。另一常見變化題是問單一藥劑具備幾種滅火作用，答題時要把主作用與次作用分開陳述，不可只寫一種。\n另一個常混淆之處是移除法與窒息法在文字描述上都可能出現「阻隔」二字：移除法阻隔的是燃料的連續性，窒息法阻隔的是空氣與燃燒面的接觸，判別關鍵在於被切斷的究竟是可燃物還是助燃物，而不是動作看起來像不像隔離。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-021","下列有關熱量傳遞的敘述，何者正確？",21,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-023","建築物起火後，對於防止火焰由下層窗戶往上層延燒，下列敘述何者錯誤？",23,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-020","下列對於燃燒要素的敘述，何者錯誤？",20,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-024","下列何者非影響建築物中煙霧流動與蔓延的主要因素？",24,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-019","有關火羽流及天花板噴射流的敘述，下列何者錯誤？",19,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-025","近來消防機關大力推行安裝住宅用火災警報器，其安裝位置在天花板或牆壁上緣，主要考量因素為何？",25,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-022",110,"火災中所產生的輻射熱量與下列何者成正比？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-022",109,"預防過氧化丁酮之火災爆炸時，下列何種原則正確？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-022",108,"物體在 327℃時的輻射強度為 E，則當溫度升高到 927℃時的輻射強度為何？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-022",107,"燃燒塔每分鐘需消耗 5.8 kg 之丁烷（C4H10），請估算在 NTP（25℃，1 大氣壓）之條件下，此燃燒塔每小時所需之燃燒理論空氣體積（LV）約為下列何者？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-022",106,"水的滅火效果，下列何者正確？",1785123162025]