[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":73},["ShallowReactive",2],{"q-fire-111-1-fire-science-037":3},{"subject":4,"subjectSlug":5,"subjectKicker":6,"subjectShort":7,"question":8,"related":27,"sameNumber":52,"hasEssay":26},"火災學概要","fire-science","火災學 · Fire Science","火災學",{"id":9,"webId":10,"year":11,"session":12,"subject":4,"number":13,"stem":14,"options":15,"answer":20,"answerNote":21,"images":22,"imagesPending":23,"lawTimestamp":11,"explanation":24,"explanationDeep":25,"freq":12,"indexable":26},"fire-111-1-火災學概要-037","fire-111-1-fire-science-037",111,1,37,"存放乙醇倉庫發生火災，下列那一種泡沫滅火劑較適當？",{"A":16,"B":17,"C":18,"D":19},"化學泡沫","界面活性劑系泡沫","高膨脹性泡沫","耐酒精型泡沫","D",null,[],false,"本題考點：水溶性（極性）液體火災的泡沫滅火藥劑選用。\n【正解理由】乙醇為與水互溶的極性溶劑，一般泡沫的泡膜以水為基底，接觸醇液面時泡膜中的水分會被醇迅速吸走，泡膜脫水變薄而破裂，無法形成持續覆蓋，此現象稱為消泡。耐酒精型泡沫（抗溶性泡沫）在原液中加入多醣類等水溶性高分子，接觸醇液面時高分子立即析出，於界面形成不溶於醇的膠質保護膜，把泡沫層與醇液隔開，使上方泡沫得以留存並持續阻隔可燃蒸氣，因此存放乙醇的倉庫火災應選用耐酒精型泡沫，故選 D。\n【逐項排除】\n(A) 化學泡沫由碳酸氫鈉與硫酸鋁反應生成二氧化碳成泡，泡膜同樣以水為基底，遇醇仍會脫水破泡，且藥劑保存與操作性差，現已少用。\n(B) 界面活性劑系泡沫的泡膜含水且不具抗溶成分，接觸乙醇後同樣迅速潰散，無法維持覆蓋。\n(C) 高膨脹性泡沫膨脹比高、含水量少、泡膜薄，多用於地下空間以體積填充方式窒息，面對極性溶劑更容易被破壞。\n(D) 正確。抗溶性膠質膜可阻隔醇對泡沫的脫水破壞，為乙醇等水溶性液體火災的適用藥劑。\n【記憶點】水溶性溶劑要配耐酒精型泡沫；一般泡沫遇醇必消泡。","泡沫滅火藥劑依產生方式可分為化學泡沫與機械泡沫兩大類。化學泡沫是碳酸氫鈉水溶液與硫酸鋁水溶液混合反應生成二氧化碳，再由安定劑包覆成泡，因藥劑須現場混合、保存不易且泡沫品質不穩定，現行滅火設備已幾乎不採用。機械泡沫又稱空氣泡沫，以泡沫原液與水依比例混合後在發泡器內與空氣攪拌成泡，依原液種類再分為蛋白質泡沫、氟蛋白泡沫、水成膜泡沫、界面活性劑系泡沫與耐酒精型泡沫。\n本題的關鍵在極性溶劑的破泡機制。乙醇、甲醇、丙酮等水溶性液體具有強烈親水性，會把泡膜中的水分吸入液相，使泡膜迅速失水變薄而破裂。耐酒精型泡沫的對策是加入多醣類等水溶性高分子，當泡沫接觸醇液面時高分子立即析出，在界面形成不溶於醇的膠狀薄膜，把泡沫與醇隔開，泡沫因而得以留存。也因為這層膜需要時間形成，抗溶性泡沫的放射方式多採緩和放射，避免泡沫直接衝擊液面而破壞成膜。\n膨脹比是另一組常考對照：低發泡的膨脹比在二十倍以下，適於油類液面覆蓋；高發泡可達數十倍至一千倍，含水量低、泡體輕，用於地下室、機械式停車空間等以體積填充窒息的場所。膨脹比愈高，含水量愈少，冷卻能力愈差，遇到極性溶劑也潰散得愈快，這正是選項所列高膨脹性泡沫不適用的原因。\n泡沫原液與水的混合比常見為百分之三與百分之六兩種規格，抗溶性泡沫因須在醇液面形成膠質膜，所採用的比例通常較高；混合比若不足，會直接反映在發泡倍率下降與還原時間縮短上。\n延伸考點方面，水成膜泡沫會在油面另形成一層水膜抑制蒸發，與抗溶性膠質膜的作用對象不同，兩者常被放在同一題比較；此外泡沫的發泡倍率與二十五％還原時間是性能判定的兩項核心指標，也是常見的計算與辨識題材。",true,[28,32,36,40,44,48],{"webId":29,"stem":30,"number":31,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-036","下列有關燃燒速度之敘述，何者錯誤？",36,{"webId":33,"stem":34,"number":35,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-038","在長 10 m、寬 8 m、高 3 m 的居室燃燒 1 kg 的乳膠枕頭，其 Dm=0.65 m2\u002Fg，估算此火場出口標示燈能見度？",38,{"webId":37,"stem":38,"number":39,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-035","下列何者為乾粉最主要滅火原理？",35,{"webId":41,"stem":42,"number":43,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-039","撕下新購的電視機螢幕保護封膜時遭受靜電，其原因為下列何者？",39,{"webId":45,"stem":46,"number":47,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-034","下列何者非細水霧滅火系統的特性？",34,{"webId":49,"stem":50,"number":51,"year":11,"session":12},"fire-111-1-fire-science-040","沾有油類之毛巾，集中堆置於塑膠籃而產生自然發火，其原因為下列何者？",40,[53,57,61,65,69],{"webId":54,"year":55,"stem":56,"number":13},"fire-110-1-fire-science-037",110,"有關電氣火災防範對策中，電器設備之正確使用非常重要，在潮濕場所使用電器時，插頭應加裝何種裝置以防止感電發生？",{"webId":58,"year":59,"stem":60,"number":13},"fire-109-1-fire-science-037",109,"D 類火災可使用的滅火劑，何者適合？",{"webId":62,"year":63,"stem":64,"number":13},"fire-108-1-fire-science-037",108,"下列有關 GHS 制度之說明，何者錯誤？",{"webId":66,"year":67,"stem":68,"number":13},"fire-107-1-fire-science-037",107,"針對連鎖反應之滅火機制為何？",{"webId":70,"year":71,"stem":72,"number":13},"fire-106-1-fire-science-037",106,"已知門扇高 2.13 m、寬 0.91 m，把手安置在靠近邊緣 0.076 m 處，兩邊壓為 75 Pa，壓力係數 Kd=0.91，克服門自鎖力為 53 N，求最少需多少力才能打開該門？",1785123162179]